A new report based on interviews with 20 national and international groups representing 300,000 farmers reveals the opportunities and challenges around transitioning to alternative protein production.
The report, called “Amplifying farmers’ voices: farming perspectives on alternative proteins and a just transition”, was published today (22nd June) by food awareness organisation ProVeg International.
The report acknowledges the impact of climate change on farming and how the majority of food-related emissions come from animal farming. It then asks farming associations, predominantly from the US and Europe, what incentives and barriers are present for them in shifting to alternative protein production.
“The interviews provide a very valuable insight into the challenges faced by farmers. It also shows that there are many opportunities for farmers from different regions to transition to alternative protein farming,” Stephanie Jaczniakowska-McGirr, International Head of Food Industry and Retail, at ProVeg said.
“Farmers are clearly open-minded about what they produce but need to know that there are markets for their produce which will secure a financially viable and resilient future for them. I would encourage all food and ingredient suppliers to support farmers in making a viable transition,” she added.
The report explores a range of alternative-protein solutions, along with farming perspectives on each one of them. Solutions include:
- Transitioning from grazing dairy cattle to growing alternative protein crops.
- Producing plant-based milks using crops grown on-site.
- Fermentation-derived protein.
- Cultured meat.
- Vertical farming
- Algae aquaculture.
- Regenerative farming.
- Carbon credits for alternative land-uses.
Along with the need to secure a viable income, the report reveals how concern about climate change is prevalent among farmers.
“Farmers are acutely aware that net zero and averting climate change is essential,” said one British farming representative quoted in the report. “Farmers would love to reduce livestock numbers and their climate footprint, but we have to be financially viable to do our environmental work. If you’re talking about replacing lost animal income with something else, then money talks.”
This concern is reflected in the comments from a European-based farming association.
“It’s a really difficult time. At the end of the day, farmers just want someone to put down the numbers so that they can make an informed choice about their ROI in 10-20 years’ time and understand what it means for their families and succession plans,” the association said.
A German farming association notes that nothing would prevent a transition to alternative proteins “if the demand and revenue become higher than for livestock production”.
The report addresses these concerns, noting the manifold opportunities to participate in alternative protein production.
The report also states: “The good news is that plant-based products typically require a blend of ingredients to achieve the desired nutritional and taste profiles. This means that farmers have access to a broad global market if growing conditions don’t align with the types of plant protein being demanded by local manufacturers.”
Impact of the transition
Farmers are having to deal not only with the impact of climate change on yields and the weather volatility on the global supply chain, but also with the reduced demand in the Global North for conventional animal-based products as well as the economic pressures that come from intensification and consolidation across the industry.
The report describes how a solution to these pressures is offered by a transition to alternative proteins, supported by automated processes, AI, and regenerative farming techniques. This would provide an opportunity to adopt best practices and reduce food waste, while improving yields (especially for healthy calories), and supporting plant-rich diets. By doing this, the report says that farmers can:
- Help to reduce total global emissions by at least 13% – thus helping to protect their land and their business in the long term through climate-change mitigation1.
- Potentially eliminate all emissions from food production and actually sequester carbon (by regrowing forests/grasslands on agricultural areas), resulting in net GHG negative emissions2.
- Improve yields, capture carbon, and reduce reliance on chemical pesticides – thereby increasing eligibility for environmentally-targeted subsidies.
- Future-proof their output by meeting the increasing consumer demand for plant-based milks and alternative proteins.
- Refine and produce the alternative proteins they grow – thus also becoming food manufacturers and unlocking greater revenues from crops.
The report recognises that transitioning to alternative proteins will also bring some new risks for farmers. These may include new growing challenges, initial yield uncertainties, and dependency on new machinery.
“ProVeg is working with businesses across the food sector, including ingredient suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers, to help mitigate these risks for farmers – through co-financing arrangements, flexible long-term contracts, political engagement, and the open sharing of knowledge,” the report states.
